Comparing the social insurance organizations in the developed countries and focusing on our national conditions and actual needs, the Commission was established to supervise the labor insurance affairs and review the related insurance disputes according to Article 5 of Labor Insurance Act and Article 2 of Laws for the Supervisory Commission of Labor Insurance, which both specify that "In principle, members of this Commission shall be appointed in equal numbers from representatives of relevant government officials, workers, employers, and specialists". At present, the Commission consists of 1 chairperson and 16 members of supervisory commissioners, which include 4 specialists (3 full-time), 6 workers' representatives, 4 employers' representatives, and 2 governmental officials.

Pursuant to Article 10 of Laws for the Supervisory Commission of Labor Insurance, the personnel management and position ranking in the Commission shall be regulated as the government-run banking and financial institutions.

The Commission comprises of Business Supervisory Division, Finance Supervisory Division, Appeals Review Division, and Secretariat. The chief of each division is engaged by a commissioner. Subordinate to the Chairperson is the Chief Secretary, who is responsible for management assistance and administrative affairs as well as the Chief of the Secretariat. Besides the 5 said persons in the official personnel deployment, another 22 listed staff members are Senior Executive officer, Senior Researcher, Senior Secretary, Senior Auditor, Specialist, Officer, Clerk, Associate Clerk, Junior Clerk, Temporary Employee, Messenger, Driver, Technician etc. In addition, the personnel clerk and accounting officer are both on a part-time basis.

To review the insurance disputes, subject to Article 11 of Laws for the Supervisory Commission of Labor Insurance and Appeals of labor Insurance Dispute, the Labor Insurance Appeals Committee was established and 11 to 13 members shall be appointed. In addition to the Commissioner of the Appeals Review Division, who serves to convene the Committee, the professors of social insurance and law, senior legal officers, public hospital consultants, labor consultants or social welfare specialists, and the representatives of labor insurance administrative authority are employed as the part time members of the Appeals Committee.

According to the Laws for the Supervisory Commission of Labor Insurance, the Commission bears 9 responsibilities; while carrying out these responsibilities, except the dispute appeal application being subject to the Chairperson's decision under paragraph 1 subparagraph 7, all other decided resolutions shall be submitted to the Council of Labor Affairs of Executive Yuan for approval or submitted as an enclosed letter to the Labor Insurance Bureau for further proceedings. According to Article 5 of the Occupational Accident Labor Protection Law, the Labor Insurance Supervisory Committee, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan is responsible for supervision and review concerning the receipts and payments, management and examination of use-designated funds denoted based on protection for workers incurring occupational accidents. And according to Article 38 of the this Act, the subsidies concerning strengthening the prevention of occupational accidents, rehabilitation of workers incurring occupational accidents and aiding apparatus for business entities hiring these injured workers shall be referred to the Labor Insurance Supervisory Committee for review. Thus, according to Article 3 of the Employment Insurance Law, Employment Insurance affairs and insurance dispute shall be supervised and reviewed respectively by the Supervisory Commission of Labor Insurance. In total, there are 13 responsibilities.